在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、科研實(shí)驗以及醫療等眾多領(lǐng)域，危險廢物的產(chǎn)生難以避免。這些危險廢物如果處理不當，會(huì )對環(huán)境和人類(lèi)健康造成極大威脅。危廢暫存間作為危險廢物處理過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節，發(fā)揮著(zhù)至關(guān)重要的作用。

The generation of hazardous waste is difficult to avoid in many fields such as industrial production, scientific research experiments, and medical care. If these hazardous wastes are not handled properly, they can pose a great threat to the environment and human health. The hazardous waste temporary storage room plays a crucial role as a key link in the hazardous waste treatment process.

一、危廢暫存間的定義與功能

1、 Definition and function of hazardous waste temporary storage room

危廢暫存間，即危險廢物貯存間，是專(zhuān)門(mén)用于短期儲存、中轉危險廢物的場(chǎng)所。它就像是危險廢物的 “臨時(shí)驛站”，將來(lái)自不同源頭的危險廢物進(jìn)行集中收集和暫時(shí)存放。這些危險廢物來(lái)源廣泛，涵蓋化工、醫藥、電子、冶金等工業(yè)行業(yè)，以及醫院、科研機構等場(chǎng)所 。

The hazardous waste temporary storage room, also known as the hazardous waste storage room, is a place specifically designed for short-term storage and transfer of hazardous waste. It is like a "temporary station" for hazardous waste, collecting and temporarily storing hazardous waste from different sources. These hazardous wastes come from a wide range of sources, covering industrial industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, electronic, metallurgical, as well as hospitals, research institutions, and other places.

其主要功能包括：

Its main functions include:

分類(lèi)儲存：可以對不同性質(zhì)的危險廢物進(jìn)行分類(lèi)存放，比如將易燃易爆廢物、有毒有害廢物、放射性廢物等區分開(kāi)來(lái)。這不僅方便后續的管理和處理，還能避免不相容的廢物混合，降低發(fā)生化學(xué)反應或泄漏的風(fēng)險。

Classified storage: Hazardous waste of different properties can be classified and stored, such as distinguishing flammable and explosive waste, toxic and hazardous waste, radioactive waste, etc. This not only facilitates subsequent management and handling, but also avoids incompatible waste mixing and reduces the risk of chemical reactions or leaks.

中轉作用：作為危險廢物轉運的中轉站，在廢物從產(chǎn)生地運往最終處理處置場(chǎng)所的過(guò)程中，危廢暫存間確保了廢物在轉運期間得到妥善保管，防止其對周邊環(huán)境造成污染。

Transfer function: As a transfer station for hazardous waste transportation, the hazardous waste temporary storage room ensures that the waste is properly stored during transportation from the source to the final disposal site, preventing it from polluting the surrounding environment.

安全防護：通常采用密閉結構，并配備完善的監控報警裝置和安全管理制度。能有效防止危險廢物在儲存過(guò)程中發(fā)生泄漏、揮發(fā)、爆炸等事故，降低環(huán)境風(fēng)險和安全隱患。同時(shí)，在發(fā)生緊急情況時(shí)，這里還可作為事故應急場(chǎng)所，便于迅速采取應急措施，防止事態(tài)擴大。

Safety protection: usually adopts a closed structure and is equipped with complete monitoring and alarm devices and safety management systems. It can effectively prevent accidents such as leakage, volatilization, and explosion of hazardous waste during storage, reduce environmental risks and safety hazards. At the same time, in case of emergency, this place can also serve as an emergency site for accidents, facilitating the rapid adoption of emergency measures and preventing the situation from escalating.

二、危廢暫存間的建設要求

2、 Construction requirements for hazardous waste temporary storage room

選址要求：應避免選擇在強震地帶，如地震烈度超過(guò) 7 度的區域，同時(shí)也要避開(kāi)自然災害頻發(fā)地區。選址時(shí)需充分考慮環(huán)境因素，與居民區保持合適的距離，防止對居民生活造成影響。

Site selection requirements: Avoid choosing areas with strong earthquakes, such as those with an intensity exceeding 7 degrees, and also avoid areas with frequent natural disasters. When selecting a site, environmental factors should be fully considered, and a suitable distance should be maintained from residential areas to prevent any impact on residents' lives.

建筑結構：建筑結構要牢固可靠，具備良好的密閉性。地面需進(jìn)行硬化處理，并涂有高密度環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂，以防止滲漏和腐蝕?；A必須防滲，防滲層可以采用一定厚度的粘土層、高密度聚乙烯或其他人工材料，確保危險廢物不會(huì )污染土壤和地下水。

Building structure: The building structure should be firm and reliable, with good airtightness. The ground needs to be hardened and coated with high-density epoxy resin to prevent leakage and corrosion. The foundation must be impermeable, and the impermeable layer can be made of a certain thickness of clay layer, high-density polyethylene or other artificial materials to ensure that hazardous waste does not pollute the soil and groundwater.

配套設施：存放液體性危險廢物的貯存場(chǎng)所應設計收集溝及收集井，用于收集滲濾液，防止外溢流失。如果存放的危廢為具有揮發(fā)性氣體的，暫存間內必須設置導出口及氣體凈化裝置；若存放危廢為液體，還需配備泄漏液體收集裝置，如托盤(pán)、導流溝、收集池等 。此外，要有完善的安全照明設施和觀(guān)察窗口，方便工作人員操作和觀(guān)察內部情況。

Supporting facilities: Storage sites for liquid hazardous waste should be designed with collection ditches and wells to collect leachate and prevent overflow and loss. If the stored hazardous waste contains volatile gases, an outlet and gas purification device must be installed in the temporary storage room; If hazardous waste is stored as liquid, leakage liquid collection devices such as trays, diversion ditches, collection pools, etc. should also be equipped. In addition, there should be comprehensive safety lighting facilities and observation windows to facilitate staff operation and observation of internal conditions.

三、危廢暫存間的管理規范

3、 Management standards for hazardous waste temporary storage room

人員管理：必須設置專(zhuān)人管理，嚴禁非本企業(yè)人員進(jìn)入。對于劇毒化學(xué)品以及儲存數量構成重大危險源的其他危險化學(xué)品，應當在專(zhuān)用倉庫內單獨存放，采用雙人雙鎖管理。管理人員要經(jīng)過(guò)專(zhuān)業(yè)培訓，熟悉危險廢物的性質(zhì)和管理要求。

Personnel management: A dedicated person must be set up for management, and non enterprise personnel are strictly prohibited from entering. For highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals that constitute a major hazard source in terms of storage quantity, they should be stored separately in dedicated warehouses and managed by two people and two locks. Management personnel must undergo professional training and be familiar with the nature and management requirements of hazardous waste.

登記管理：管理人員應對進(jìn)入暫存間的危險廢物進(jìn)行詳細登記，記錄貨物的名稱(chēng)、數量、來(lái)源、處理方式、入庫日期、存放庫位、廢物出庫日期和接收單位名稱(chēng)等信息。臺賬要及時(shí)更新，并懸掛于暫存間內，確保任何危險廢物的轉入、轉出都有清晰記錄。

Registration management: Management personnel should conduct detailed registration of hazardous waste entering the temporary storage room, recording information such as the name, quantity, source, disposal method, storage date, storage location, waste outflow date, and receiving unit name of the goods. The ledger should be updated in a timely manner and hung in the temporary storage room to ensure clear records of any incoming or outgoing hazardous waste.

安全檢查：定期對危廢暫存間進(jìn)行檢查，包括設施設備的運行狀況、消防設施的完好性、電器線(xiàn)路的安全性等，及時(shí)排除安全隱患。一旦發(fā)現暫存間內的警示標識損壞，應當及時(shí)登記臺賬，并上報給相關(guān)負責人。

Safety inspection: Regularly inspect the hazardous waste temporary storage room, including the operation status of facilities and equipment, the integrity of fire-fighting facilities, the safety of electrical circuits, etc., and promptly eliminate safety hazards. Once the warning signs in the temporary storage room are found to be damaged, they should be promptly recorded in the ledger and reported to the relevant person in charge.

環(huán)境監測：定期對危廢暫存間的環(huán)境進(jìn)行監測，包括空氣質(zhì)量、噪聲污染、土壤污染等，確保符合環(huán)保要求。同時(shí)，暫存間內應設置危險廢物信息公開(kāi)欄和貯存設施警示標志牌，明確標識危險廢物的種類(lèi)、數量、貯存設施等信息。

Environmental monitoring: Regularly monitor the environment of the hazardous waste storage room, including air quality, noise pollution, soil pollution, etc., to ensure compliance with environmental protection requirements. At the same time, a hazardous waste information disclosure board and storage facility warning signs should be set up in the temporary storage room, clearly indicating the types, quantities, storage facilities, and other information of hazardous waste.

危廢暫存間從建設到管理，每一個(gè)環(huán)節都緊密關(guān)系到危險廢物的安全處置和環(huán)境的保護。只有嚴格按照相關(guān)要求執行，才能讓這個(gè) “臨時(shí)驛站” 切實(shí)發(fā)揮作用，守護我們的生態(tài)環(huán)境 。

From construction to management, every step of the hazardous waste temporary storage room is closely related to the safe disposal of hazardous waste and environmental protection. Only by strictly following the relevant requirements can this' temporary station 'truly play its role and protect our ecological environment.

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